![]() Thayer–Martin agar is a chocolate agar plate (heated blood agar) containing nutrients and antimicrobials ( vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, and trimethoprim). gonorrhoeae is usually isolated on Thayer–Martin agar (or VPN) agar in an atmosphere enriched with 3-7% carbon dioxide. meningitidis ferments glucose and maltose. gonorrhoeae will oxidise glucose, not maltose, sucrose, or lactose N. meningitidis.q Carbohydrate utilization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: N. Further testing (oxidase, carbohydrate use and pcr) can be used to differentiate N. Culture and identification Thayer–Martin agar is selective for growth of Neisseria species. meningitidis is one cause of bacterial meningitis. gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea and N. Of these 11 species which colonize humans, only two are pathogens. Members of this genus are non-spore-forming, capable of moving using twitching motility, and obligate aerobes (requires oxygen to grow). They are facultatively intracellular and typically appear in pairs (diplococci), resembling the shape of coffee beans. Neisseria species are fastidious, Gram-negative cocci that require nutrient supplementation to grow in laboratory cultures. Microbiology A Gram stain of a urethral exudate showing typical intracellular Gram-negative diplococci, which is diagnostic for gonococcal urethritis gonorrhoeae is a growing public health concern, especially given its propensity to develop resistance easily. Chlamydia co-testing and testing for other STIs is recommended due to high rates of co-infection. ![]() Diagnosis is through culture, Gram stain, or nucleic acid tests, such as polymerase chain reaction, of a urine sample, urethral swab, or cervical swab. Untreated infection in women may cause pelvic inflammatory disease and possible infertility due to the resulting scarring. Untreated infection may spread to the rest of the body (disseminated gonorrhea infection), especially the joints (septic arthritis). Asymptomatic infection is common in males and females. gonorrhoeae can cause infection of the genitals, throat, and eyes. gonorrhoeae's ability to evade the immune system by varying its surface proteins. After an episode of gonococcal infection, infected persons do not develop immunity to future infections. Perinatal transmission may occur during childbirth, and may be prevented by antibiotic treatment of the mother before birth and the application of antibiotic eye gel on the eyes of the newborn. Sexual transmission may be prevented through the use of barrier protection. Sexual transmission is through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. ![]() It exhibits antigenic variation through genetic recombination of its pili and surface proteins that interact with the immune system. Culturing it requires carbon dioxide supplementation and enriched agar ( chocolate agar) with various antibiotics ( Thayer–Martin). It is oxidase positive and aerobic, and it survives phagocytosis and grows inside neutrophils. It causes the sexually transmitted genitourinary infection gonorrhea as well as other forms of gonococcal disease including disseminated gonococcemia, septic arthritis, and gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus (singular), or gonococci (plural), is a species of Gram-negative diplococci bacteria isolated by Albert Neisser in 1879. Micrococcus der Gonorrhoe Neisser 1879.
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